巴班斯基等人用了两年的时间对学困生学习，认识活动的特点进行了研究，发现学困生的思维发展存在缺陷：思维发展水平和思维速度都低于同年龄者，他们不善于区分教材中的重点，概括能力差，思维独立性差。巴班斯基进一步指出，学困生的思维发展缺陷主要并不是由先天的生理解剖特点造成的，而更多地与后天因素，特别是学校的教育因素有关。因此，为了克服学生思维发展中的缺陷，首先必须着眼于提高教学和教育工作的质量。
（1）请你分别从思维能力和思维品质两方面分析学困生存在问题。（6分）
（2）谈如何培养学困生的思维能力。（9分）
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
（1）学困生的思维能力差主要表现在：①推理能力差。②概括能力差。③想象能力差。
思维品质不良表现在：思维的独立性差。思维缺乏深刻性。思维缺乏敏捷性与灵活性。思维缺乏逻辑性。思维不精确。
（2）比较普遍的教研形式有：
1.加强科学思维方法论的训练
2.运用启发式方法调动学生思维的积极性、主动性
3.加强语言交流训练
4.发挥定势的积极作用
5.培养学生解决实际问题的思维品质
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