论述环境对人的作用。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)环境使遗传提供的发展可能性变成现实。与生俱来的遗传素质能否适时发展,以及向什么方向发展,并不是由遗传本身决定,而是由环境决定的。如同卵双生子,遗传素质应该是差不多的,但如果分开养大,譬如说一个放在贫穷的山区,一个放在富庶的大城市,那么,就很可能发展成完全不同的心理特点和个性特征。遗传提供的可能只有在一定的社会条件下才能变为现实。
(2)环境决定人的发展方向、水平、速度和个别差弄。在不同的社会生活条件下,人的发展方向、水平、速度均不相同,如原始人与现代人发展水平相差很大,这主要取决于社会生产、科学文化发展的水平。在资本主义制度下和社会主义制度下人的发展也不同,这取决于社会制度与社会意识形态的不同。同一社会制度下,不同的阶段、不同的家庭、不同的地位、不同的教育,人的发展也不同,这取决于社会关系。因为人一生下来,就必须要与周围的人发生各种关系,周围人的生活方式和思想、习惯、作风必然对他本身发生各种影响。
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