题目详情

试述影响创造性的因素。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

.创造性也叫创造力,是指个人能产生新奇独特的有社会价值的产品的能力或特性。创造性主要表现为创造性思维。影响创造性的因素有环境、智力以及个性三个方面。

(1)环境因素包括家庭环境和社会环境。父母的受教育程度、管教方式以及家庭气氛等都在不同程度上影响孩子的创造性。学校的教育环境也是影响学生创造性的重要因素。

(2)智力因素不仅与孩子的智力有关,还与孩子的知识经验、左右脑优势有关。智力与创造力之间既有独立性,又在某种条件下具有相关性。一般来说,低智商不可能具有高创造性;高智商可能有高创造性,也可能有低创造性;低创造性的智商水平可能高,也可能低;高创造性者必须有高于一般水平的智商。也就是说,高智商虽非高创造性的充分条件,但可以说是高创造性的必要条件。

(3)在个性因素方面,主要是指孩子的认知风格差异以及人格和动机的差异。一般来说,具有幽默感的孩子通常是高创造性的孩子;有抱负和强烈的动机的孩子,对工作有热情、有决心,即使遇到困难,或面对单调乏味的工作情境,他们也能坚持,并自得其乐,通常会表现出高创造性;能够容忍模糊与错误,承认矛盾,对无结构的问题或错综复杂的问题,对那些违反“常识”的假设和观念都能够坦然接受,反对以武断、虚假、简化等草率的方式处理复杂或矛盾的问题,具有较高的挫折忍受力,愿意付出无报酬的代价,去从事无法预期的工作的人,一般具有高创造性;喜欢幻想,在日常生活中比一般人有更多的梦想,但能够自由地往返于现实与幻想之间,一般有高创造性;具有强烈的好奇心,不断地提出问题,有浓厚的认识兴趣,喜欢猎奇,喜欢尝试新奇的方法来探究问题,不怕失败,也是有高创造性的特点;有独立性,不迷信权威,不随大流,不落俗套,也表现出一定的高创造性。

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