举例说明什么是过度学习?为什么要进行过度学习?
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
所谓过度学习，指在学习达到刚好成诵以后的附加学习。如读一首短诗，某人学习10分钟就刚好能背诵，在能够背诵之后增加的学习(如再读5分钟或再读5遍)便是过度学习。之所以要进行过度学习，是因为在日常教学中，一般教师都知道，对于本门学科的一些基本概念、基本原理的学习，仅仅达到刚能回忆的程度是不够的，必须在全面理解的基础上达到牢固熟记的程度。例如，加减九九表中的162个数量关系是加减运算的基础，对于这些数量关系的记忆必须达到“滚瓜烂熟”、可以不假思索“脱口而出”的程度；对于乘法大九九表中的81个数量关系也应作如此要求。这些都是实际教学中过度学习的例证。当然，过度学习并不意味着复习次数越多越好。研究表明，学习的熟练程度达到150％时，记忆效果最好；超过l50％时，效果并不递增，很可能引起厌倦、疲劳等而成为无效劳动。
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