如何利用感知的基本规律，提高直观教学的效果?
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
可以利用感知的基本规律，采用如下途径提高知识直观的效果：
(1)灵活选用实物直观和模象直观。一般而言，模象直观的教学效果优于实物直观。但是，这一结论只限于知识的初级学习阶段。在具体的教学中，先进行模象直观，在获得基本的概念和原理后再进行实物直观，比一开始就进行实物直观的学习效果要好。
(2)加强强词与形象的配合。为了增强直观的效果，必须加强词与形象的结合。在形象直观过程中，首先要加强言语的指导，明确观察目标，提示合理的观察程序。其次，形象的直观结果应以确切的语词加以表述，以检验直观效果并使对象的各组成要素进行分化。再次，应依据教学任务，选择合理的词语与形象的结合方式。有时：先言语后直观，前者起指导作用；有时先直观后言语，后者起总结和概括作用；有时也可边言语边直观。采用何种方式应视教学目标和教学过程而定。
(3)运用感知规律，突出直观对象的特点。要想在直观过程中获得有关的知识，首先必须注意和观察直观对象。而要有效地观察直观对象，必须运用感知规律，突出直观对象的特点。(4)培养学生的观察能力。观察是知觉的特殊形式，是有目的、有计划、主动的知觉过程。观察是一切知识的门户，一切科学实验、科学的新发现、新规律，都是建立在周密、精确、系统的观察基础之上的。观察力是智力结构的一个组成部分，培养学生的观察力是教学过程中的一项重要任务。
(5)让学生充分参与直观过程。激发学生积极参与的热情。在可能的情况下，应让学生自己动手进行操作，改变“教师演，学生看”的消极被动的直观方式。
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