简述场独立性和场依存性认知风格的特点及其差异。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
认知方式，又称认知风格，是个体在知觉、思维、记忆和解决问题等认知活动中加工和组织信息时所显示出来的独特而稳定的风格。认知方式分为场独立性和场依存性两种。场独立性个体对客观世界作判断时,倾向于利用自己内部的参照，不易受外来因素的影响和干扰。场依存性个体则对物体的知觉倾向于以外部参照作为信息加工的依据，难以摆脱环境因素的影响，态度和自我知觉也更易受权威人士的影响，善于察言观色，注意并有意记忆言语信息中的社会内容。场独立性的个体一般偏爱自然科学，且成绩较好，学习动机往往以内在动机为主，比较适应结构不严密的教学方法；场依存性的学生则一般偏爱社会科学，易受暗示，学习欠主动，由外在动机支配，喜欢有严密结构的教学，需要教师的明确指导和讲解。
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