简述教学评价的分类。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
教学评价按照不同的分类标准，可以分为不同的类型，主要有：
(1)形成性评价和总结性评价。这是按教学评价实施的时机来划分的。形成性评价通常在教学过程中实施，一般是由学生完成一些与教学活动密切相关的测验来进行。总结性评价，或称终结性评价，通常在一门课程或教学活动结束后进行，是对一个完整的教学过程进行测定。
(2)常模参照评价和标准参照评价。这是按教学评价资料的处理方式来划分的。常模参照评价是指评价时以学生所在团体的平均成绩为参照标准，根据其在团体中的相对位置来报告评价结果。标准参照评价是基于某种特定的标准来评价。
(3)配置性评价和诊断性评价。这是按教学评价的功能来划分的。配置性评价，或称准备性评价，一般在教学开始前进行，以便摸清学生的现有水平及个别差异。诊断性评价是为了了解学生的学习基础与个体差异，多半是在形成性评价之后实施。
(4)正式评价和非正式评价。这是按教学评价的严谨程度来划分的。正式评价是指学生在相同的情况下接受相同的评价，且采用的评价工具比较客观。非正式评价则是针对个别学生的评价，评价的资料大多是采用非正式方式收集的。非正式评价可以作为正式评价的补充。
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