试评价桑代克的联结说。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
桑代克的联结说是教育心理学史上第一个较为完整的学习理论。它系统地回答了有关学习的一些最基本的问题，这为教育心理学成为一门独立的学科起到了奠基作用。它对于我们了解学习，特别是动物的学习过程及其外部条件有一定的参考价值。桑代克超越巴甫洛夫之处在于他提出：在某个行为之后出现的刺激影响了未来的行为。但是，桑代克发现的学习律仍然有些简单和粗糙，不能完善地说明学习的根本规律。他以试误概括所有的学习过程，忽视了认知、观念和理解在学习中的作用，抹杀了人类学习与动物学习的本质区别。桑代克的根本错误在于背弃了反映论的观点，取消了反映过程，认为情境与反应之间根本不存在什么中介，这是一种简单化的机械主义的观点。
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