简述桑代克的联结—试误学习理论。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
桑代克联结论的基本观点集中在对学习的实质、过程和规律的认识上。
(1)学习的实质在于形成刺激与反应之间的联结，联结公式是S-R。
(2)学习的过程就是形成刺激与反应之间联结的过程,而联结是通过尝试错误的过程建立的。学习 的进程是一种渐进的、盲目的、尝试错误的过程。在此过程中随着错误反应的逐渐减少和正确反应的逐渐增加，而最终在刺激与反应之间形成牢固的联结。这种理论又被称为尝试错误论，简称“试误论”。
(3)学习要遵循三条重要的原则，即准备律、练习律、效果律。
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