试举例说明学前儿童观察品质的发展表现。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)目的性增强。例如，给幼儿一张图片，上面画着几个孩子在溜冰，冰场上有一只手套。向幼儿提出任务，要求他们从画面上找出那个丢了手套的孩子。小班孩子大部分根本不认真去找，他们观察时，胡乱看一些无关的细节，完全忘了观察的目的。中班和大班幼儿观察的目的性有所提高，他们能够按照成人规定的观察任务进行观察。例如，让幼儿找出两幅图画的不同之处，如果明确告诉他们有几处不同，观察的效果就会显著提高。
(2)持续性延长。观察持续的时间短，与幼儿观察的目的性不强有关。对于喜欢的东西，幼儿观察的时间就长些。例如，观察金鱼，时间可达5—6分钟，观察盆景，则只能1～2分钟。
(3)细致性增加。幼儿的观察一般是笼统的，看得不细致是幼儿现象的特点和突出问题。例如，幼儿观察时，只看事物的表面和较明显的部分，而不去看事物较隐蔽、细致的特征；只看事物的轮廓，不看内在的关系。
(4)概括性提高。观察的概括性是指能够观察到事物之间的联系。
(5)观察方法的形成。幼儿有时用点头代替手的指点，有时用出声的自言自语来帮助观察。幼儿末期，可以摆脱外部支柱，借助内部言语来控制和调节自己的知觉。
【命题立意】考查学前儿童观察品质的发展表现。★★
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