材料：
大班李老师带孩子们在户外散步，亮亮捡起一片花瓣说：“老师，这片花瓣真好看。”这时其他小朋友围了过来，七嘴八舌说了起来。李老师说：“这片花瓣为什么好看呢?”亮亮说：“因为花瓣像小船一样，可以在水上漂。”李老师说：“亮亮把花瓣比作小船，还用上了‘像什么一样’的句子，这句话说得真好。”
(1)结合材料分析日常交谈活动的特点。(4分)
(2)写出教师进一步组织指导该交谈活动的策略。(6分)
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)日常交谈活动具有自发性、随机性的特点。 案例中的教师带领幼儿在户外散步时，幼儿捡起花瓣，主动开口说话，引发了交谈活动的开展。这体现了日常交谈活动的自发性。
案例中的教师把握契机，进行随机性谈话的引导。李老师在户外活动中，基于幼儿的问题，进行随机地引导，并展开谈话活动，这体现了日常交谈活动的随机性。
(2)进一步组织该交谈活动的策略有以下几方面：
①教师在该活动中应该给幼儿提供自由交谈的时间。教师要通过创设宽松自由的环境给幼儿交谈的机会，让幼儿在平等、轻松的环境下畅所欲言，尽情地表达心中的各种感受，消除压抑、紧张、胆怯的心理，保持轻松愉快的情绪，促进幼儿语言能力和社会交往能力的发展，并对幼儿交谈内容给予及时的鼓励和评价。
②教师在该活动中应以幼儿感兴趣的内容调动幼儿交谈的兴趣而使活动进一步继续。该活动是由幼儿自发展开的，教师应抓住幼儿感兴趣的内容使该活动进一步展开。如引导幼儿充分发挥想象讨论“花瓣还像什么”。
③教师在该活动中应该认真倾听，有效地挖掘幼儿想说的话。教师认真倾听幼儿的语言，会使幼儿感觉到自己被重视，从而会更加积极地表达。教师可以通过问一些“为什么”“你觉得是什么样子”“你喜欢什么”“你是怎么想的”的问题，使幼儿能够充分表达自己的思想和意愿。
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