材料：
开学一个月来，小三班老师发现许多小朋友把瘦肉、青菜放在口中嚼了又嚼，最后还是把渣吐出来；有的小朋友拿汤匙就像拿铲子一样；有的小朋友吃饭，没用手扶着碗，饭菜洒落在桌子、衣服和地面上。
(1)分析幼儿出现以上行为的原因。(4分)
(2)结合材料提出合理建议。(4分)
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)该案例中的幼儿将瘦肉、青菜咀嚼后把渣吐出可能是幼儿有挑食的习惯，或食物不够美味、平时零食过多等原因。小朋友拿汤匙就像拿铲子一样、没有用手扶碗的习惯是幼儿没有养成良好的进餐习惯的表现。 (2)建议。
①引导幼儿不偏食。偏食是一种不良饮食习惯，不仅影响幼儿的健康，而且幼儿形成固定的口味以后，就难以再适应多样化的膳食。为幼儿提供的膳食要以科学为指导，营养均衡，少盐、少甜食，使幼儿形成“杂食”的习惯，而且口轻、不馋糖。
②饮食定量，控制零食。除了三顿饭、一两次点心，要控制零食的摄入量，使幼儿养成吃好三餐的好习惯。教育幼儿不要贪食，以免消化不良。
③按时定位进食，做好餐前准备。进食前，告诉幼儿要吃饭了。可以让幼儿在餐前帮忙做一些就餐前的准备，如擦桌子、摆筷子、放好自己用的小匙、小盘、小碗等。看到固定的餐具，想到马上要吃饭了，会使幼儿食欲增加。
④注意饮食卫生和就餐礼貌。注意饮食卫生，如食前洗手，食后漱口，不吃不清洁、不新鲜的食物，不喝生水，不捡掉在桌上或地下的东西吃，学会使用自己的水杯、餐具等。自幼儿上桌开始，就应培养良好的就餐礼貌，如咀嚼、喝汤时不应发出大的声响，夹菜不可东挑西拣，不糟蹋饭菜等。
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