幼儿园课程目标取向上主要有哪些不同的观点?
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)课程内容即教材。课程内容即教材的取向，将课程内容作为是预设的东西，规定了教师应该教什么，儿童应该学什么。其长处在于知识和技能的系统性和可操作性强，但是，这一取向使课程内容成为课程编制者规定儿童必须接受的东西，而不一定是儿童需要的和感兴趣的东西。
(2)课程内容即学习活动。将课程内容看成是学习活动的取向，把其关注点放在儿童做些什么方面。对课程内容持这种取向，会使课程编制者设计和安排大量的活动，并让儿童在参与活动的过程中去探索和发现。但是，这往往是儿童的外显活动，不是儿童对课程内容的同化，不会从根本上引起儿童深层次的心理结构的变化。
(3)课程内容即学习经验。课程内容即学习经验的取向把课程内容看成是儿童的学习经验，认定儿童是主动的学习者，儿童是否能够真正理解和获得课程内容，主要取决于儿童已有的心理结构，取决于儿童与环境之间的有意义的交互作用。
对课程内容持这种取向，会使课程编制者关注幼儿园环境的创设，关注儿童学习经验的获得。但是，儿童的经验主要还是儿童自己的心理体验，这是一种主观的东西，课程编制者和教师都难以把握，容易使课程内容过分泛化。
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