题目详情

芳芳老师要做一节美术公开课,活动过程是先讲一个故事《颠倒的世界》。故事中样样事情都与现实相反,如乌龟跑得快、大老虎害怕小白兔等,然后让幼儿自己进行想象绘画创作。为了保证教学效果,她找来了平时她认为绘画水平一般的孩子进行试讲,留下在外面专门学习过绘画的幼儿参加公开课。但遗憾的是试讲很成功,孩子们想象力丰富,讲了许多稀奇古怪的想法,大胆地进行了创作,而公开课上的那些很会画画的孩子却想不出画什么,还有相互模仿的。最不可思议的是他们的绘画技能一点也不显得比试讲那一组的孩子更好。

(1)请结合案例分析当前艺术教育存在的误区。

(2)请谈一谈幼儿艺术教育的指导要点。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)《3—6岁儿童学习与发展指南》中明确指出,幼儿艺术领域学习的关键在于充分创造条件和机会,在大自然和社会文化生活中萌发幼儿对美的感受和体验,丰富其想象力和创造力,引导幼儿学会用心灵去感受和发现美,用自己的方式去表现和创造美。材料中在外学过绘画的幼儿想不出画什么,明显已经被所谓的“兴趣班”扼杀了其创造性,反映当前艺术教育存在诸多误区,如目标定位不正确,重艺术知识技能的传授,忽视创造潜能的开发;重艺术活动结果,忽视审美能力的培养;艺术教育方法形式化,许多家长认为艺术教育就是送到兴趣班,重视模仿性轻视创造性。(2)①艺术是实施美育的主要途径,应充分发挥艺术的情感教育功能,促进幼儿健全人格的形成。要避免仅仅重视表现技能或艺术活动的结果,而忽视幼儿在活动过程中的情感体验和态度的倾向。

②幼儿的创作过程和作品是他们表达自己的认识和情感的重要方式,应支持幼儿富有个性和创造性的表达,克服过分强调技能技巧和标准化要求的倾向。

③幼儿艺术活动的能力是在大胆表现的过程中逐渐发展起来的,教师的作用应主要在于激发幼儿感受美、表现美的情趣,丰富他们的审美经验,使之体验自由表达和创造的快乐。

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