简述幼儿在智力、情绪、情感等方面的发展特点。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)幼儿智力的发展特点如下：一是幼儿感知觉和观察力发展的特点。人对事物的认识是从感知觉开始的，儿童最初发生的认识过程就是感知觉。其中，感觉是指人脑对直接作用于感觉器官的客观事物的个别属性的反映，知觉是指人脑对直接作用于感觉器官的客观事物的整体属性的反映。
在幼儿的认知活动中，感知觉占据重要地位。幼儿感知觉发展的特点主要有：①感知的分化日益细致；②感知过程概括化和系统化；③感知过程的主体性不断加强。
观察是有目的、有计划、比较持久的知觉。在观察过程中，必须有非常稳定的有意注意来组织和保证持久的知觉。观察力就是观察的能力。幼儿观察发展的特点主要有：①幼儿观察的目的性逐渐增强；②幼儿观察的持续时间逐渐延长；③幼儿观察的概括性逐渐增强；④观察的方法逐渐形成。
二是幼儿注意力发展的特点。①无意注意占优势地位；②有意注意初步发展；③注意范围较小。
三是幼儿记忆力发展的特点。①幼儿的记忆以无意记忆为主，且无意识记的效果优于有意识记；②幼儿的机械记忆占主要地位，意义识记开始发展；③幼儿形象记忆占主要地位，且效果优于抽象记忆，但两者记忆效果的差距越来越小。
四是幼儿想象力发展的特点。①幼儿的想象没有目的，没有前后一贯的主题；②幼儿想象以无意想象为主；③幼儿想象以再造想象为主，创造想象开始发展。
(2)幼儿情绪、情感发展的特点如下：
①情绪、情感体验具有情境性、外显性、易变性等特点；②情绪控制能力较差；③情绪、情感的社会化。
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