试述当代国外课程改革的发展趋势。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
1.当代世界各国的课程改革,尽管各有特色,但都存在着一些共同的发展趋势: 1.重视课程内容的现代化、综合化。随着现代科学技术的高速发展、知识更新的加剧,各国的课程改革都注意删除陈旧内容,增添反映现代科技成果的新内容,尽量缩小课程内容与最新科技成果之间的差 距。为适应当代学科综合化趋势加强的需要,许多国家开设了综合性课程。
2.重视基础学科科研成果知识的结构化。20世纪80年代以来,英、法、德等国继美国之后出现了“恢复 基础”运动,强调统一学习基准,加强基础学科,提高学生的学习水平。重视知识的结构化表现在对课 程内容去粗取精,缩减描述性和经验性的知识,增强知识的理论性和概括性,突出其间的联系,把各门 学科中的基本概念、定理和原理等基本结构教授给学生,保证在减轻学生负担的同时,使学生掌握基 本知识和基本技能。
3.重视能力的培养。适应培养新型人才的要求,当代各发达国家在课程内容组织过程中,都把培养学生 研究、探讨和创造的态度与能力作为一项重要原则,力图使组织的内容有助于把学生培养成既能掌握 前人大量认识成果,又能不断有所发现、有所创新的人。
4.重视个别差异。由于学生之间在兴趣、爱好、需要以及能力、基础等方面存在着一定的差异,因此,各 国的课程设置都有较大弹性,既有共同的形式和内容,也有个别化的形式和内容,以适应不同学生的 需要和发挥教师的创造性,有利于教师对学生进行个别指导。
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