请联系实际，谈一谈在课堂管理中如何协调正式群体与非正式群体的关系?
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
[参考答案]正式群体是相对稳定、结构分别的群体。班级、小组、共青团都属于正式群体。正式群体的发展经历了松散群体、联合群体和集体等三个阶段。松散群体是指学生们只在空间和时间上结成群体，但成员间尚无共同活动的目的和内容。联合群体的成员已有共同目的的活动，但活动还只是具有个人的意义。集体则是群体发展的最高阶段，成员的共同活动不仅对每个成员有个人意义，而且还有重要的社会意义。
非正式群体是指在正式群体内部，学生们会在互相交往的基础上，形成以个人好恶、兴趣爱好为纽带，具有强烈情感色彩的群体。这种群体没有特定的群体目标及职责分工，缺乏结构的稳定性，但它有不成文的规范和自然涌现的领袖。课堂里的非正式群体主要是同辈群体，比较常见的同辈群体有朋友与小集团。非正式群体对个体的影响是积极的还是消极的，主要取决于非正式群体的性质以及与正式群体的目标一致程度。
课堂管理必须注意协调非正式群体与正式群体的关系：首先，要不断巩固和发展正式群体，使班内学生之间形成共同的目标和利益关系，产生共同遵守的群体规范，并以此协调大家的行动，满足成员的归属需要和彼此之间相互认同，从而使班级成为坚强的集体。其次，要正确对待非正式群体。对于积极型的非正式群体，应该支持和保护。对于中间型的非正式群体，要持慎重态度，积极引导，联络感情，加强班级目标导向。对于消极型的非正式群体，要教育、争取、引导和改造。而对于破坏型的非正式群体，则要依据校规和法律，给予必要的制裁。
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