试论述中学生品德发展的基本特征。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
[答案要点]第一，伦理道德发展具有自律性，言行一致。在整个中学阶段，学生的品德迅速发展，处于伦理形成时期。伦理是人与人之间的关系以及必须遵守的行为准则，它是道德关系的概括，伦理道德是道德发展的最高阶段。(1)形成道德信念与道德理想。中学阶段是道德信念和道德理想形成，并以此指导行动的时期。中学生逐渐掌握伦理道德，并服从它，表现为独立、自觉地依据道德信念、价值标准等去行动，使学生的道德行为更有原则性、自觉性。(2)自我意识增强。在品德发展的过程中，中学生更加关注自我道德修养，并努力加以提高。中学生对自我道德修养的反省性和监控性有明显的提高，这为产生自觉的道德行为提供了有效的前提。(3)道德行为习惯逐步巩固。由于不断地实践、练习，加之较为稳定的道德信念的指导，中学生逐渐形成了与道德伦理相一致的、较为定型的道德行为习惯。(4)品德结构更为完整。中学生的道德认识、道德情感与道德行为三者相互协调，形成一个较为完善的动态结构，使他们不仅按照自己的道德准则去行动，而且也逐渐成为稳定的个性心理结构的一部分。
第二，品德发展由动荡向成熟过渡。(1)初中阶段品德发展具有动荡性。从总体上看，初中即少年期的品德虽然具有伦理道德的特性，但仍旧不成熟、不稳定，具有动荡性，表现在道德观念的原则性、概括性不断增强，但还带有一定程度的具体经验特点。(2)高中阶段品德发展趋向成熟。高中阶段或青年初期的品德发展进入了以自律为主要形式、应用道德信念来调节道德行为的成熟时期，表现在能自觉地应用一定的道德观点、信念来调节行为，并初步形成人生观和世界观。
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