论述发扬积极因素、克服消极因素德育原则的含义及在实践中贯彻该原则的基本要求。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
发扬积极因素、克服消极因素原则是指进行德育要调动学生自我教育的积极性，依靠和发扬他们自身的积极因素去克服他们品德上的消极因素，实现品德发展内部矛盾的转化。
贯彻发扬积极因素、克服消极因素原则的基本要求如下：(1)“一分为二”看待学生。正确了解和评价学生是正确教育学生的前提。有的教师不能有效地教育学生，往往是因为不能以“一分为二”和发展的观点看待学生。(2)长善救失，通过发扬优点来克服缺点。全面而深入地了解学生，为教育学生打下了良好的基础，但要促进他们的品德发展，根本的一点在于调动其积极性，引导他们自觉地巩固发扬自身的优点来抑制和克服自身的缺点，才能养成良好的品德，获得长足的进步。(3)引导学生自觉评价自己、进行自我修养。学生的进步，固然需要教师起主导作用，引导他们长善救失，但主要靠他们自我教育、自觉发扬优点来克服缺点。
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