影响问题的解决有哪些因素?
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
[答案要点]影响问题解决的因素主要有以下几方面：
(1)问题的特征。个体解决有关问题时，常常受到问题的类型、呈现的方式等因素的影响。教师课堂中各种形式的提问、各种类型的课堂和课后练习、习题或作业等，都是学校情境中常见的问题形式。不同的呈现问题的方式将影响个体对问题的理解。
(2)已有的知识经验。已有经验的质与量都影响着问题解决。与问题解决有关的经验越多，解决问题的可能性也就越大。
(3)定势与功能固着。如前所述，定势是影响学习迁移的一个重要因素，而学校情境中的问题解决主要是通过迁移实现的，因此，定势也必然影响问题解决。功能固着也可以看做是一种定势，即从物体的正常功能的角度来考虑问题的定势。除了上述因素外，个体的智力水平、性格特征、情绪状态、认知风格和世界观等个性心理特性也制约着问题解决的方向和效果。
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