请结合实际说明元认知策略在学习中的运用。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
元认知策略包括:(1)计划策略;(2)监视策略;(3)调节策略。具体运用如下:
①计划策略元认知计划指的是要根据认知活动的特定目标,在一项活动之前浏览阅读材料,选择策略,谋划具体活动,并预计其有效性。在学习开始之前应该在分析各方面情况后制订一个恰当的学习计划,并在学习过程中认真执行。
②监视策略元认知监视策略是指在认知活动进行的实际过程中,根据认知目标及时反馈认知活动的结果、策略的效果,正确估计自己达到认知目标的程度、水平。通常采用的方式是自我提问。
③调节策略元认知调节策略是根据监视的结果,找出认知偏差,及时调整或修正目标的策略。在学习活动结束时,评价认知结果,采取相应的补救措施,修正错误,总结经验教训。调节策略通常和监视策略共同使用。
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