题目详情

有人说“启发式就是问答式”,也有人认为“启发性的关键就在于教师主动性的发挥”,而更多的人则是感到困惑:“在教学中为什么总是启而不发?”那么,你认为启发性的关键或核心是什么?在教学中又应该如何贯彻启发性的原则?

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)启发性的关键或核心是调动学生的主动性和积极性,特别是激发学生思维的积极性。

(2)贯彻启发性原则的基本要求:

①调动学生学习的主动性。调动学生学习的主动性是启发的首要问题。学生学习的主动性受许多因素影响,如学生的好奇心、兴趣、爱好、求知欲,获得优良成绩得到表扬、奖励的愿望,为实现某个远大理想等。教师要善于因势利导,使学生许多一时的欲望和兴趣,汇集和发展为推动学习的持久动力。

②启发学生独立思考,发展学生的逻辑思维能力。首先,教师要注意提问、激疑,启发他们的思维,只要提问切中要害发人深思,学生脑子一开窍,思想一下便活跃起来,课堂上将出现令人兴奋、紧张有趣的生动局面。然后,教师要因势利导,使学生认识逐步深入,以获取新知。教师在启发学生思考的过程中,要有耐心,给学生以思考时间,要有重点,问题不能多,不能蜻蜓点水,启而不发;要深入下去,提出补充问题引导学生去获取新知识,不仅要启发学生理解知识,而且要启发学生理解学习的过程,掌握获取知识的方法。

③让学生动手,培养独立解决问题的能力。启发不仅要引导学生动脑,而且要引导他们动手。学生掌握知识有一个逐步深化的过程,懂了不一定会做,会做还不一定有创造性。所以教师要善于启发诱导学生将知识创造性地用于实际,布置作业要由易到难,或提供素材、情境、条件和提出要求,让他们去独立探索、克服困难、解决问题,别出心裁地完成作业,培养学生创造才能。

④发扬教学民主。要建立民主平等的师生关系和生生关系,创造民主和谐的教学气氛,鼓励学生发表不同见解,允许学生向教师提问质疑等。

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