简述安德森的心智技能形成三阶段论。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
美国认知心理学家安德森认为，心智技能的形成需经过三个阶段，即认知阶段、联结阶段和自动化阶段。
在认知阶段，要了解问题的结构，即起始状态、要达到的目标状态、从起始状态到目标状态所需要的步骤、算子。对于复杂的问题而言，要了解问题的各个子目标及其达到子目标所需要的算子。
在联结阶段，学习者应用具体的方法来解决问题，主要表现在把某一领域的描述性知识转化为程序性知识，这种转化即程序化的过程。随着对某一技能的不断练习，学习者对解决问题的法则的言语复述逐渐减少，而能够直接再认出某一法则的可适用性。在该阶段，个体逐渐产生一些新的产生式法则，以解决具体的问题。
在自动化阶段，个体获得了大量的法则并完善这些法则，操作某一技能所需的认知投入较小，且不易受到干扰。安德森认为，复杂的技能的学习可以分解为对一些个别成分的法则的学习。但这些个别成分并不是分散、孤立的，而是可以组成一个大的技能学习过程。
你可能感兴趣的试题
我国保护少年儿童权益的专项法律是《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》。（ ）
- 查看答案
根据以下材料，回答题
If you don′t think a phone is the rightgift for a lover, the smart choice this year is a smart phone.
For people who don′t read instructions
The easiest-to-use phone is the iPhone. It′sthat has pushed it to the No.1 selling position, surpassing the Motorola Razr.The iPhone′s touch screen is easy to operate and it′s also easy to customize (用户化). The iPhone can run allsorts of applications such as those help you to lose weight, identify a song onthe radio, find a restaurant or do many other things.
For the futurist
The T-Mobile G1 is very popular as it is thefirst phone to offer a Google browser, meaning that you′re getting the real webon your phone, but it′s the phone′s potential that qualifies it for the futurist.The exciting applications are interesting, but they don′t always work smoothly.Sometimes it is hard to use the applications it comes with. The system shouldimprove as it becomes more popular, so it holds great promise. With fewrestrictions on the design of applications for the phone,
the G1 could be the first phone toincorporate (整合) some of the coolest.
For the road warrior
The new BlackBerry Storm is something likethe equivalent (等同物) of a mullet--a business up front, party in the back. It stillincorporates the serious mail and organization features that have endeared (使受钟爱) these phones to business people. The 3.25-inch is bright anddetailed and it′s a decent size for watching videos on the go.
For the Luddite (反对技术进步的人)
For those who can′t handle buttons and newfeatures, there is the Samsung Jitterbug Dial. Some people are Luddites whojust want a few large buttons to make calls. That′s it, just calls. That makesit even easier to use an iPhone.
What would be the best title forthe passage (no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________________
- 查看答案
简述学生的义务。
- 查看答案
依据《普通高中英语课程标准》，语言有丰富的文化内涵。教师应根据学生的年龄特点和__________ ，逐步扩展文化知识的内容和范围。
- 查看答案
计算机软件是指（ ）。
-
- A.计算机程序
- B.源程序和目标程序
- C.源程序
- D.计算机程序及有关资料
- 查看答案