结合实际谈谈如何运用记忆规律，促进知识保持?
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
[参考答案](1)深度加工材料。所谓深度加工，是指通过对要学习的新材料增加相关的信息来达到对新材料的理解和记忆的方法。如，对材料补充细节、举出例子、作出推论，或使之与其他观念形成联想。(2)有效运用记忆术。记忆术是运用联想的方法对无意义的材料赋予某些人为意义，以促进知识保持的策略。有人在利用记忆术帮助记忆外语单词的研究中创设了“关键词方法”，即在记忆外语单词时先在本族语言中找一个读音与外语类似，且能产生有趣联想的词。(3)进行组块化编码。所谓组块指在信息编码过程中，利用储存在长时记忆系统中的知识经验对进入到短时记忆系统中的信息加以组织，使之成为人所熟悉的有意义的较大单位的过程。例如，一列数字185119211839，可将其组块化为1851，1921，1839，把它看作是中国近代史上的重要年代，就容易记住了。(4)适当过度学习。过度学习指在达到刚好成诵以后的附加学习。研究表明，学习的熟练程度达到150％时，记忆效果最好；超过150％时，效果并不递增，很可能会引起厌倦、疲劳等无效劳动。(5)合理进行复习。新学习的材料一定要注意及时复习，至少要在当天复习，以减缓遗忘的进程；每隔一段时间重复学习一次或几次，如学习外语单词时一次学习数量不宜太多，最好是每次课都分散学习一些，这样就可以避免单词学习之间的干扰。反复阅读结合尝试背诵，可以及时发现学习中的薄弱点，从而在重复学习时，便于集中注意，有针对性地加强薄弱点的学习。如在教学语文时，应注意教育学生在阅读过程中，边阅读边背诵，将阅读与背诵交替进行。
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