简述早期迁移理论中的共同要素说。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
[参考答案]共同要素说的基本观点包括：(1)桑代克等人认为只有当两种情境中有相同要素时才能产生迁移。相同的要素也即相同的刺激与反应的联结，刺激相似而且反应也相似时，两种情境的迁移才能发生，相同联结越多，迁移越大。(2)后来，相同要素被改成共同要素，认为两种情境中有共同的成分时可以产生迁移。迁移是非常具体的，并且是有条件的，需要有共同的要素。
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