简要说明教学中，利用反馈信息对学习效果的影响。’
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
[参考答案]来自学习结果的种种反馈信息，对学习效果有明显影响。一方面，学习者可以根据反馈信息调整学习活动，改进学习策略；另一方面，学习者为了取得更好的成绩或避免再犯错误而增强了学习动机，从而保持了学习的主动性和积极性。对学习结果进行评价，能激发学生的学习动机，对学习有促进作用；适当的表扬的效果优于批评，所以在教学中要给予学生表扬而非批评。虽然表扬和奖励对学习具有促进作用，但使用过多或者使用不当，也会产生消极作用。滥用外部奖励，不仅不能促进学习，还可能破坏学生的内在动机。
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