简述马斯洛需要层次理论。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
[参考答案]马斯洛认为人有五种基本的需要，它们由低到高依次排列成一定的层次，即生理需要、安全需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要、自我实现的需要。生理需要，是最基本的需要，是对食物、水、空气等的需要；安全需要，个体要求稳定、安全、免除恐惧感和焦虑感；归属与爱的需要，是个体与他人建立感情的需要；尊重的需要，是自尊和受到他人尊重的需要；自我实现，即完整而丰满的人性的实现以及个人潜能或特性的实现。五种需要一级比一级高，低一级的需要得到满足才能产生更高一级的需要。
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