结合教学实际论述建构主义的学生观。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
【要点解析】
(1)建构主义强调，学生并不是空着脑袋走进教室的。在日常生活中，在以往的学习中，他们已经形成了丰富的经验和看法。
(2)在没有现成知识经验前提下的解释，并不都是胡猜乱想，而是从他们的经验背景出发而推出合乎逻辑的假设。所以，教学不能无视学生的经验，另起炉灶，从外部真正地装进新知识，而是要把学生现有的知识作为学习新的知识的生长点，引导学生从已有知识中“生长”出新的知识经验。
(3)教学不是知识传递，而是知识的处理和转换。教师应该重视学生自己对各种现象的理解，倾听他们的想法，洞察他们的这些想法的由来，以此为根据，引导学生丰富或调整自己的理解。教师需要与学生共同就某些问题进行探索，并在此过程中相互交流和质疑，了解彼此的想法，彼此作出某些调整。
(4)由于经验背景的差异，学生对问题的理解常常有差异，在学生的共同体中，这些差异本身便构成了一种宝贵的学习资源。教学就是要增进学生之间的合作，使他们看到那些与他们不同的观点，从而促进学习的进行。
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