在信息系统开发方法中，（ ）是一种根据用户初步需求，利用系统开发工具，快速地建立一个系统模型展示给用户，在此基础上与用户交流，最终实现用户需求的系统快速开发方法。
- A.结构化方法
- B.需求模型法
- C.面向对象法
- D.原型法
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
结构化方法也称为生命周期法，是一种传统的信息系统开发方法，由结构化分析（Structured Analysis，SA）、结构化设计（Structured Design，SD）和结构化程序设计（Structured Programming，SP）三部分有机组合而成，其精髓是自顶向下、逐步求精和模块化设计。
面向对象（Object-Oriented，OO）方法认为，客观世界是由各种“对象”组成的，任何事物都是对象，每一个对象都有自己的运动规律和内部状态，都属于某个对象“类”，是该对象类的一个元素。复杂的对象可由相对简单的各种对象以某种方式而构成，不同对象的组合及相互作用就构成了系统。OO方法是当前的主流开发方法，拥有很多不同的分支体系，主要包括OMT（Object Model Technology，对象建模技术）方法、Coad/Yourdon方法、OOSE（Object-Oriented Software Engineering，面向对象的软件工程）方法和Booch方法等，而OMT、OOSE和Booch已经统一成为UML（United Model Language，统一建模语言）。
原型化方法也称为快速原型法，或者简称为原型法。它是一种根据用户初步需求，利用系统开发工具，快速地建立一个系统模型展示给用户，在此基础上与用户交流，最终实现用户需求的信息系统快速开发的方法。原型法的优点主要在于能更有效地确认用户需求。从直观上来看，原型法适用于那些需求不明确的系统开发。事实上，对于分析层面难度大、技术层面难度不大的系统，适合于原型法开发；而对于技术层面的困难远大于其分析层面的系统，则不宜用原型法。本题描述的是D项。
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