结构化设计（Structured Design，SD）是一种面向数据流的系统设计方法，它以数据流图和数据字典等文档为基础，是一个自顶向下。逐步求精和模块化的过程。SD方法的基本思想是将软件设计成由相对独立且具有单一功能的模块，其中（ ）阶段的主要任务是确定软件系统的结构，对软件系统进行模块划分，确定每个模块的功能、接口和模块之间的调用关系。
- A.模块设计
- B.详细设计
- C.概要设计
- D.架构设计
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
结构是指系统内各个组成要素之间的相互联系、相互作用的框架。结构化方法也称为生命周期法，是一种传统的信息系统开发方法，由结构化分析（Structured Analysis，SA）、结构化设计（Structured Design，SD）和结构化程序设计（Structured Programming，SP）三部分有机组合而成，其精髓是自顶向下、逐步求精和模块化设计。结构化设计是一种面向数据流的系统设计方法，它以数据流图和数据字典等文档为基础。数据流图从数据传递和加工角度，以图形方式来表达系统的逻辑功能、数据在系统内部的逻辑流向和逻辑变换过程，是结构化系统分析方法的主要表达工具及用于表示软件模型的一种图示方法。数据字典是对于数据模型中的数据对象或者项目的描述的集合，这样做有利于程序员和其他需要参考的人。在结构化分析中，数据字典的作用是给数据流图上每个成分加以定义和说明。
结构化设计的基本思想是自顶向下逐步分解。这一思想指明了模块划分工作的层次性。首先，将系统整体看作一个模块，按其功能分为若干个子模块，这些子模块各自承担系统部分功能，并协调完成系统总体功能。然后，将每一个子模块分别作为整体，进一步划分下一层功能更简单的子模块，以此类推，直至模块功能不能再划分为止，最终形成层次型的系统结构模型。
SD可以进一步细分为概要设计和详细设计两个阶段，其中概要设计主要任务是确定软件系统的结构，对软件系统进行模块划分，确定每个模块的功能、接口和模块之间的调用关系。而详细设计则是具体描述每个部件或模块的实现方法。
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