题目详情

试述社会主义市场经济宏观调控的主要手段。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

在社会主义市场经济条件下,宏观调控的手段主要有经济计划、经济手段、法律手段和必要的行政手段。

  (1)经济计划,是由国家统一制定的国民经济和社会发展计划,是国家从宏观上引导和调控经济运行的基本依据,是宏观调控的重要手段。

  (2)经济手段,是国家通过调节经济变量来影响微观经济行为,并使之符合宏观经济发展目标的一切政策措施的总和。经济手段是通过具体的经济政策来实施的。最主要的经济政策有:财政政策、货币政策、产业政策、收入分配政策、价格政策、汇率政策等。政府在确定了一定时期的经济发展目标以后,要选择相应的经济杠杆来具体实施相应的经济政策。经济杠杆使之于商品、价值和货币以及物质利益相联系的范畴,包括价格、税率、汇率、利率、工资等。此外,社会主义市场经济的宏观经济调控政策还包括产业政策、区域发展政策、投资政策、价格政策等。

  (3)法律手段,是指政府运用经济法律规范调整经济的统称。法律手段主要包括:经济立法,经济执法,法律监督。

  (4)必要的行政手段,是指通过国家机关实施的,以行政方式来调控经济运行的方法。宏观经济调控的各种手段都有特定的功能和作用,又都有自身的局限性。正是由于单一手段在其功能上的局限性,才使综合运用各种手段成为必要。在社会主义市场经济条件下,主要运用经济手段和法律手段,辅之以必要的行政手段。

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