处理先富和共富的关系,实质上是体现了效率优先、兼顾公平的原则。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
正确
解析
(1)让一部分地区、一部分人先富裕起来,最终达到共同富裕,是邓小平同志在总结我国社会主义分配制度经验教训的基础上提出的一个大政策、大原则。共同富裕是社会主义的发展目标,也是社会主义的根本原则。共同富裕不等于也不可能完全平均和同步富裕,而是有先有后有差别的富裕。先富和共富是手段和目标、途径和目的的关系,不能把两者关系割裂开来。离开先富谈共富,在目前生产力水平下,实质上是平均主义,最终会导致贫穷;离开共富谈先富,有可能导致两极分化。
(2)正确处理先富和共富关系的实质是体现了效率优先、兼顾公平的原则。
①效率优先——它的实质是体现“先富”的策略。它是指必须提高企业和整个国民经济效率,促进生产力发展,增加社会总产品,是社会分配制度和分配政策所要达到的首要目标。这里的效率是指经济效率。
②公平——它的实质是体现“共富”这个根本原则。可理解为平等,机会平等、收入平等,是人们之间的利益和权利分配的合理化,在收入分配过程中应该遵守机会平等、规则平等的原则。
③效率原则和公平原则是对立统一的关系。首先,两者有矛盾的一面,因为在社会主义市场经济条件下,企业和个人的要素状况不同,出现收入高低悬殊,效率原则不会自然地实现分配的公平,处理不当还会背离共同富裕目标;其次,两者是统一的,两者是相互依存、不可分离的,效率是公平的基础,公平是效率的体现,公平有利于效率的提高;按照效率优先原则调节分配关系,可以调动一切积极因素创造更多的国民收入,为实现公平原则提供物质条件。
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