甲与乙于2000年结婚,甲、乙约定婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产归各自所有。2003年甲以个人名义向其弟借款20万元购买商品房一套,夫妻共同居住。2009年甲、乙离婚。问:
(1)甲乙的约定是否有效为什么
(2)对于甲的债务,应由谁来承担为什么
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
【答案要点】(1)有效。 理由:我国《婚姻法》第19条第1款规定:“夫妻可以约定婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产归各自所有、共同所有或部分各自所有、部分共同所有。”因此,甲与乙约定婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产归各自所有的行为是合法的,所以约定是有效的。
(2)由甲、乙共同承担。
理由:我国《婚姻法》第19条第2款规定:“夫妻对婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产的约定,对双方具有约束力。”可见,夫妻财产约定对夫妻双方当事人是有拘束力的,这是夫妻财产约定的对内效力。同时,夫妻财产约定还有对外的效力。对此,我国《婚姻法》第19条第3款规定:“夫妻对婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产约定归各自所有的,夫或妻一方对外所负的债务,第三人知道该约定的,以夫或妻一方所有的财产清偿。”据此,夫妻财产约定是否对第三人发生效力,以第三人是否知悉该约定的存在和约定的内容为准。如果第三人明知或应知该约定的,则该约定对第三人具有对抗效力。此外,第三人知道该约定的,夫妻一方对此负有举证责任(《婚姻法解释(一)》第18条)。因此,本案中,除非乙能够举证证明,甲之弟明知或应知甲、乙之间的财产约定,否则就应由甲、乙共同承担甲的对外债务。
【解析】本题属于案例综合分析题,考核的知识点是夫妻间的财产关系约定制及其效力。
【评注】(1)熟悉并掌握我国法律对于夫妻间财产关系约定制方面的法律规定;
(2)熟知夫妻财产约定的法律效力,特别应注意其对外的效力。因为它直接决定着夫妻对外债务的承担。
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