简要说明从众行为的影响因素。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)群体规模与特点。大量实证研究证明,在一定范围内,人们的从众性是随群体人数的不断增加而上升的;
(2)社会支持,群体自身的一致性,是构成群体压力的最重要因素之一。无论群体的规模如何,只要群体出现了不一致,即使持不同意见的人没有任何权威,都会使从众的比率大大下降;
(3)对任务的熟悉程度。判断涉及的事物客观标准越明确,人们对自我判断的肯定程度也越高,相应的行为从众率也越低。随着问题的模糊性增加,人们会由于自身的判断失去明确的参照而倾向从众;
(4)性别。社会心理学家杰德勒研究发现,相对于女性,女生男性从众率的最高点出现稍微晚一些。心理学家考勒曼等人研究发现,问题难度与从众率的相关系数男性为0.58,女性高达0.89。表明女性在相应的困难程度上比男性更倾向于从众。
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