题目详情

(三)阅读钱钟书《吃饭》中的一段文字,

  吃饭有时很像结婚,名义上最主要的东西,其实往往是附属品。吃讲究的饭事实上只是吃菜,正如讨阔佬的小姐,宗旨倒并不在女人。这种主权旁移,包含着一个转了弯的、不甚朴素的人生观。辨味而不是充饥,变成了我们吃饭的目的。舌头代替了肠胃,作为最后或最高的裁判。不过,我们仍然把享受掩饰为需要,不说吃菜,只说吃饭,好比我们研究哲学或艺术,总说为了真和美可以利用一样。有用的东西只能给人利用,所以存在;偏是无用的东西会利用人,替它遮盖和辩护,也能免于抛弃。柏拉图《理想国》里把国家分成三等人,相当于灵魂的三个成分;饥渴吃喝等嗜欲是灵魂里最低贱的成分,等于政治组织里的平民或民众。最巧妙的政治家知道怎样来敷衍民众,把自己的野心装点成民众的意志和福利;请客上馆子去吃菜,还顶着吃饭的名义,这正是舌头对肚子的借口,仿佛说:“你别抱怨,这有你的份!你享着名,我替你出力去干,还亏了你什么?”其实呢,天知道——更有饿瘪的肚子知道——若专为充肠填腹起见,树皮草根跟鸡鸭鱼肉差不了多少!真想不到,在区区消化排泄的生理过程里,还需要那么多的政治作用。

1.作者说“吃饭有时很像结婚”,请具体说明“吃饭”与“结婚”有什么相似之处。

2.这段文字揭露了怎样的社会现象?

3.这段文字采用了哪种论证方法?

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

1.名义上是吃饭,实际上是吃菜;名义上是结婚,实际上为的是财富。

2.名实不符(或主权旁移)。

3.类比论证。

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