阅读《季氏将伐颛臾》中的一段文字,回答下列问题:
冉有曰:“今夫颛臾,固而近于费,今不取,后世必为子孙忧。”孔子曰:“求!君子疾夫舍曰‘欲之’而必为之辞。丘也闻有国有家者,不患寡而患不均,不患贫而患不安。盖均无贫,和无寡,安无倾。夫如是,故远人不服,则修文德以来之;既来之,则安之。今由与求也,相夫子,远人不服而不能来也,邦分崩离析而不能守也,而谋动干戈于邦内。吾恐季孙之忧不在颛臾,而在萧墙之内也。”
(1)将“君子疾夫舍曰‘欲之’而必为之辞”译成现代汉语,并说明孔子这句话所表达的观点。
(2)将“故远人不服,则修文德以来之;既来之,则安之”译成现代汉语,并说明孔子这句话所表达的观点。
(3)将“吾恐季孙之忧不在颛臾,而在萧墙之内也”译成现代汉语,并说明孔子这句话所表达的观点。
(4)这段文字表达了什么观点
(5)这段文字在论证方法上有何特色
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)“君子最痛恨那种心里想得到嘴上却不说‘想要得到它’,却一定为了得到它寻找借口的人。” 驳斥冉有为攻打颛臾寻找借口。
(2)“远方之人还不归服,便再完善文德教化来使他们归顺。已经使他们来了,就得使他们安居下来。”
孔子表达的观点是:为政以德。
(3)“我担心季孙的忧患不在颛臾,而在鲁君啊!”
指出季氏伐颛臾的危害:季氏专权,又要扩张势力范围,这必然激化与鲁君的矛盾,发动不义之战,授鲁君以柄,后必有灾,这才是季氏真正的忧患之所在。
(4)驳斥冉有为攻打颛臾寻找借口,提出为政以德的观点。
(5)驳中有立,驳立结合,通过立论来驳斥对方的观点。?
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