阅读《寡人之于国也》中的一段文字,回答下列问题:
不违农时,谷不可胜食也;数罟不入净池,鱼鳖不可胜食也;斧斤以时入山林,材木不可胜用也。谷与鱼鳖不可胜食,材木不可胜用,是使民养生丧死无憾也。养生丧死无憾,王道之始也。
(1)解释这段文字中画横线字的含义。
胜:
斤:
(2)这段文字论证时使用了哪种性质的论据
(3)这段文字论证时运用了哪种推理方法 请具体分析。
(4)这段文字论证了什么观点
(5)这段话运用了什么修辞手段,效果如何
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)胜:尽,完。斤:斧头的一种。 (2)事实论据中的现实材料。
(3)连锁推理。第一层,若实现“不违农时”“数罟不入湾池”“斧斤以时入山林”三个条件,就可得出结论:“谷与鱼鳖不可胜食,材木不可胜用。”第二层,若实现“谷与鱼鳖不可胜食,材木不可胜用”,就可得出结论:“使民养生丧死无憾。”第三层,若实现“使民养生丧死无憾”,就可得出结论:“王道之始也。”从逻辑论证法角度说,此连锁推理前半部分属于由个别到一般的归纳法:由三个个别现象归纳出一般道理“养生丧死无憾”;后半部分属于演绎法:暗含大前提:若使民养生丧死无憾,即为王道之始;小前提:使民养生丧死无憾;结论:“王道之始也。”
(4)使民以时,发展生产,解决百姓温饱问题,是“王道之始”,是使民加多的基本措施。
(5)排比。增强气势。
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