题目详情

阅读《季氏将伐颛臾》中的一段文字,回答下列问题:

孔子曰:“求!周任有言曰:‘陈力就列,不能者止。’危而不持,颠而不扶,则将焉用彼相矣 且尔言过矣,虎兕出于柙,龟玉毁于椟中,是谁之过与 ”

(1)将“陈力就列,不能者止”译成现代汉语,并说明孔子引用这两句话作为论据的性质,所表达的观点,所运用的论证方法。

(2)将“危而不持,颠而不扶,焉用彼相矣”译成现代汉语,并说明孔子用这两句话作为论据的性质,所表达的观点,所运用的论证方法。

(3)将“虎兕出于柙,龟玉毁于椟中”译成现代汉语,并说明这两句话的双重喻义。

(4)本段选文运用了哪些修辞 并举例说明其作用。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)“如果能够施展自己的才能,就接受任职;如果不行,就该辞职让位。” 理论论据中的名人名言;批评冉有、子路的失职,驳斥了冉有推卸责任的说法;引名人名言说理属于由一般到个别的演绎论证,大前提:陈力就列,不能者止;小前提:你们在职位上却没有尽职;结论:应尽职劝阻,不能陈力尽责,即失职,该辞职让位。

(2)“盲人站立不稳,不去扶持;将要摔倒了,又不去搀扶,那么又何必要用搀扶盲人的护理人呢?”

事实论据中的比喻材料;批评冉有、子路的失职,驳斥了冉有推卸责任的说法;由个别到个别的类比法:以不能搀扶盲人的相类比不能辅佐季氏的臣,同为失职。

(3)“老虎犀牛从笼子里跑了出来,龟甲美玉在匣子里被毁坏。”

双重喻义:先说单句表层喻义,将季氏比作虎兕,虎兕出于柙,喻季氏出兵侵略;将颛臾比作龟玉,龟玉毁于椟中,喻颛臾无辜受难。再说两句整体深层喻义,将冉有、季路比作守柙护椟之人,说明无论季氏出兵侵略,还是颛臾无辜被毁,冉有、季路都有不可推卸的责任。

(4)引用:“周任有言曰:‘陈力就列,不能者止。’”作用:引名人名言增强说服力。

比喻:危而不持,颠而不扶;虎兕出于柙,龟玉毁于椟中。作用:形象生动,通俗易懂。反诘:“焉用彼相矣?是谁之过与?”作用:强调对方身在其位,不能陈力尽职。

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