阅读《秋水》中的一段文字,回答下列问题:
人卒九州,谷食之所生,舟车之所通,人处一焉;此其比万物也,不似毫末之在马体乎 五帝之所连,三王之所争,仁人之所忧,任士之所劳,尽此矣。伯夷辞之以为名,仲尼语之以为博,此其自多也,不似尔向之自多于水乎
(1)解释这段文字中画横线字的含义。
向:
(2)请分析这段文字中“此其比万物也”、“尽此矣”两个“此”字含义的区别。
(3)请分析本段选文的本义及客观上对今人的启迪。
(4)本段选文运用了哪种论证方法 请举例说明。
(5)本段选文运用了哪些修辞方法,并举例分析其作用。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)向:当初,从前。 (2)前“此”指人,后“此”指尽如“马体之毫末”。
(3)五帝三王仁人任士之所为,皆似马体之毫末,微不足道。伯夷仲尼,为名为博,皆为自多。在宇宙中,个人的认识和作用十分有限,一切事物都是相对的,没有绝对的大小。客观上对今人的启迪:学无止境,认识无止境,因此不能满足,应努力进取。
(4)归纳论证法:“五帝之所连,三王之所争,仁人之所忧,任士之所劳,尽此矣。”类比论证法:“伯夷辞之以为名,仲尼语之以为博,此其自多也,不似尔向之自多于水乎?”
(5)排比,如“五帝之所连,三王之所争,仁人之所忧,任士之所劳”,相同句式紧密排列,增强气势。“不似毫末之在马体乎?”比喻、反诘交融,形象生动,增强气势。
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