阅读《寡人之于国也》中的一段文字,回答下列问题:
孟子对曰:“王好战,请以战喻。填然鼓之,兵刃既接,弃甲曳兵而走,或百步而后止,或五十步而后止,以五十步笑百步,则何如 ”曰:“不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也。” 曰:“王如知此,则无望民之多于邻国也。”
(1)将这段文字中的两句话译成现代汉语。
填然鼓之,兵刃既接,弃甲曳兵而走:
直不百步耳,是亦走也:
(2)这段文字论证时使用了哪种性质的论据
(3)这段文字论证时运用了哪种论证方法 请具体分析。
(4)这段文字论证了什么观点
(5)分析“五十步笑百步”的喻义。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)战鼓咚咚地敲响,双方兵器一交接,就扔掉铠甲拖着兵器逃跑。 只不过没有逃跑一百步而已,这也是逃跑呀。
(2)事实论据中的比喻材料。
(3)类比:用逃跑“五十步”类比梁惠王,用逃跑“百步”类比邻国之君,用同是逃跑的错误类比同是没有实行仁政的错误,用“五十步笑百步”类比嘲讽梁惠王笑邻国之君。
(4)孟子指出梁惠王没有在根本上实行仁政,是“民不加多”的原因。
(5)孟子用这个比喻说明:梁惠王所谓“尽心”,实际上与邻国国君的治国方法只有量的差别而没有本质上的不同,同样是没有实行仁政。
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