题目详情

阅读《季氏将伐颛臾》中的一段文字,回答下列问题:

季氏将伐颛臾。冉有、季路见于孔子曰:“季氏将有事于颛臾。”孔子曰:“求!无乃尔是过与 夫颛臾,昔者先王以为东蒙主,且在邦域之中矣。是社稷之臣也,何以伐为 ”

(1)解释这段文字中画横线字的含义。

无乃:

是:

过:

以为:

是:

(2)在这段文字中,孔子的观点是什么

(3)在这段文字中,孔子运用了哪些种类的论据 举例说明。

(4)在这段文字中,孔子运用了哪些论据论证论点

(5)在这段文字中,孔子运用了哪种论证方法

(6)选出这段文字中所运用的反诘句。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)无乃:岂不,恐怕。是:复指前置宾语“尔”。过:责备。以为:把……作为。 是:指示代词:这。

(2)孔子的观点是:季氏攻伐颛臾是错误的。

(3)运用了事实论据中的历史材料,如“昔者先王以为东蒙主”;事实论据中的现实材料,如“且在邦域之中矣”,“是社稷之臣也”。

(4)孔子反对伐颛臾的理论依据是:治国以礼。具体论据有三:第一,从历史看,“夫颛臾,昔者先王以为东蒙主”。即颛臾是先王任命的东蒙山的主祭者,伐先王所封属臣,非礼。

第二,从地理位置看,“且在邦域之中矣”,即颛臾在鲁国境内,对鲁国构不成任何威胁,没有理由伐。第三,从等级制与现实表现看,“是社稷之臣也”,颛臾是安分守己的附属国,伐之非礼。

(5)属于演绎论证法。如“夫颛臾,昔者先王以为东蒙主”。暗含大前提:伐先王所封国非礼;小前提:颛臾为先王所封国;结论:伐先王所封颛臾非礼。“且在邦域之中矣”,暗含大前提:伐邦域中之国非礼;小前提:颛臾为邦域中之国;结论:伐颛臾非礼。“是社稷之臣也”,暗含大前提:伐社稷之臣非礼;小前提:颛臾是社稷之臣;结论:伐社稷之臣颛臾非礼。

(6)“无乃尔是过与?…‘何以伐为?”

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