阅读下面一段课文,回答下列问题:
《书》曰:“满招损,谦得益。”忧劳可以兴国,逸豫可以亡身,自然之理也。故方其盛也,举天下之豪杰,莫能与之争;及其衰也,数十伶人困之,而身死国灭,为天下笑。夫祸患常积于忽微,而智勇多困于所溺,岂独伶人也哉
(1)解释这段文字中画横线字的含义。
举:
莫:
(2)将“身死国灭,为天下笑”译成现代汉语。
(3)将“忧劳可以兴国,逸豫可以亡身”译成现代汉语,并说明这两句话在文中所起的作用。
(4)将“祸患常积于忽微,而智勇多困于所溺”译成现代汉语,并说明这两句话在文中所起的作用。
(5)这一段文字采用了什么论证方法
(6)这段文字在论据上有何特点
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)举:全部。莫:没有人。 (2)本人丧命国家灭亡,被天下人耻笑。
(3)忧虑辛劳可以使国家兴盛,安逸享乐可以使自身败亡。
这两句话是作者从理论上分析庄宗成败的原因“满招损,谦受益”之后总结出的历史经验,照应了开头提出的论点:王朝兴亡决定于人事。
(4)祸患往往是从细微小事积累起来的,而有才智勇气的人又常常因过分沉溺于某种事物而陷入困境。
这两句话在文中所起的作用同上题。
(5)引证法:引用《尚书》“满招损,谦受益”来概括庄宗成败的经验教训。
例证法:庄宗得天下和失天下的例子。
对比论证法:凸显庄宗由极盛到极衰的变化,从而强调了“忧劳”和“逸豫”所带来的不同后果。
(6)理论论据:《书》曰“满招损,谦受益”;事实论据:唐庄宗得天下与失天下的事例。
理论论据与事实论据相结合,然后又从史实引出“祸患常积于忽微,而智勇多困于所溺”作为理论总结。
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