题目详情

阅读下面一段课文,回答下列问题:

人习于苟且非一日,士大夫多以不恤国事、同俗自媚于众为善。上乃欲变此,而某不量敌之众寡,欲出力助上以抗之,则众何为而不汹汹然!盘庚之迁,胥怨者民也,非特朝廷士大夫而已。盘庚不为怨者故改其度;度义而后动,是而不见可悔故也。如君实责我以在位久,未能助上大有为,以膏泽斯民,则某知罪矣;如日今日当一切不事事,守前所为而已,则非某之所敢知。

(1)解释这段文字中画横线字的含义。

胥:

膏泽:

事:

(2)将“人习于苟且非一日”译成现代汉语。

(3)将“士大夫多以不恤国事、同俗自媚于众为善”译成现代汉语。

(4)将“盘庚不为怨者故改其度”译成现代汉语,并说明作者用“盘庚之迁”说明什么问题

(5)在这段文字中,作者反驳了什么观点

(6)划分这一段文字的层次结构。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)胥:与,相与。膏泽:作动词用,给予恩惠。事:用作动词,做的意思。 (2)人们习惯于得过且过的日子不是一天了。

(3)士大夫多把不关心国家大事、附和世俗、讨好众人作为美德。

(4)盘庚不因为有人怨恨的缘故就改变了他的计划。

作者用“盘庚之迁”表明自己不会因为“怨诽之多”而改变变法的决心。

(5)反驳“天下怨谤”的观点。

(6)此段文字可以分为两个层次:第一个层次到“则众何为而不汹汹然”,分析怨谤产生的原因;第二个层次借“盘庚之迁”表明自己坚定不移的决心。

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