阅读《大同》中的一段文字，并回答下列问题：
今大道既隐，天下为家，各亲其亲，各子其子，货力为己，大人世及以为礼，城郭沟池以为固，礼义以为纪。以正君臣，以笃父子，以睦兄弟，以和夫妇，以设制度，以立田里，以贤勇知，以功为己，故谋用是作，而兵由此起。禹、汤、文、武、成王、周公，由此其选也。此六君子者，未有不谨于礼者也。以著其义，以考其信，著有过，刑仁讲让，示民有常。如有不由此者，在势者去，众以为殃，是谓小康。
（1）解释这段文字中画横线字的含义。
隐：
家：
池：
固：
作：
兵：
殃：
小康：
（2）将这段文字中的下列句子译成现代汉语。
以正君臣，以笃父子，以睦兄弟，以和夫妇：
以著其义，以考其信，著有过，刑仁讲让，示民有常：
（3）分析概括这段文字中所言小康社会的主要特点。
（4）挑出这段文字中的排比句，并分析其效果。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
（1）隐：消失。家：家族。池：护城河。固：坚固保障。 作：起。兵：指战争。殃：祸殃。小康：康，安。依礼而治的小安社会。
（2）用礼正定君臣的名分，用礼加深父子亲情，用礼使兄弟情谊和睦，用礼使夫妻感情和谐。
用礼表明道义，用礼考察诚信，辨明过错，以仁爱为典范，讲求礼让，向民众明示为人行事的常规。
（3）“小康”社会是“大道既隐”之后，圣人对“礼”特别提倡的时代，是圣人用“礼”约束人欲、治理天下的时代。
在社会所有制与政治目的上，“小康”是“天下为家”；
在人事制度上，“小康”则是世袭制，“大人世及以为礼”；
在精神文明建设上，“小康”则是圣人对“礼”特别提倡的时代，是用“礼”约束人欲、治理天下的时代；“小康”是“各亲其亲，各子其子”；
在物质文明建设上，“小康”是“以（礼）设制度，以立田里”；
在社会治安上，“小康”是“城郭沟池以为固”，“谋用是作，而兵由此起”。
（4）“大人世及以为礼，城郭沟池以为固，礼义以为纪”“以正君臣，以笃父子，以睦兄弟，以和夫妇，以设制度，以立田里，以贤勇知，以功为己”等，运用了排比的修辞手法，相同的句式紧密排列，给人一气呵成的感觉，感情强烈，气势充沛。?
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