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阅读《氓》中的一段诗句,回答问题:

桑之未落,其叶沃若。于嗟鸠兮,无食桑葚;于嗟女兮,无与士耽。士之耽兮,犹可说也;女之耽兮,不可说也。

桑之落矣,其黄而陨。自我徂尔,三岁食贫。淇水汤汤,渐车帷裳。女也不爽,士贰其行。士也罔极,二三其德。

(1)解释这段诗句中画横线字的含义。

说:

徂:

汤汤:

渐:

爽:

(2)将这段诗句中的下列诗句译成现代汉语。

其叶沃若:

二三其德:

(3)概括这两节诗的内容大意。

(4)选出这两节诗中的比兴句,并分析其比兴意义。

(5)从这两节诗中选出相应诗句说明造成女主人公悲剧命运的社会的根本原因和前夫的直接原因。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)说:同“脱”,解脱。徂:往,指嫁往男家。汤汤:水盛貌。渐:浸湿。爽:差错。 (2)它(桑)的叶子茂盛润泽。

三心二意坏品德。

(3)前一节,女子抒情议论,悔恨交集,认为女子不可沉溺于爱情,因为一旦沉溺爱情,男子可以摆脱,女子却无法解脱。后一节,女子叙述婚后贫穷的生活,认为自己没有过错,谴责前夫,认为都是前夫的翻云覆雨造成婚姻的悲剧。

(4)“桑之未落,其叶沃若”比喻女子年轻貌美;“于嗟鸠兮,无食桑葚”引出“于嗟女兮,无与士耽”,比喻女子不可为爱情所迷;“桑之落矣,其黄而陨”比喻女子年老色衰。

(5)“士之耽兮,犹可说也;女之耽兮,不可说也”。表明当时男女社会地位不平等,这是造成女主人公悲剧命运的社会的根本原因。“女也不爽,士贰其行。士也罔极,二三其德”。前夫的“二三其德”是造成女主人公悲剧命运的直接原因。

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