题目详情

阅读《前赤壁赋》全文后回答:

(1)怎样理解这篇赋主客对话、抑客伸主(贬抑客人的主张,伸张主人的主张)的特征

(2)本文的写作背景是什么

(3)本文反映了作者怎样的思想感情 掌握感情发展线索,据此划分段落,并概述每段大意。

(4)分析本文主客对话所反映出来的作者的思想矛盾。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)主客问答是汉大赋中经常采用的一种方式,其中往往是客人说出一套,有理有据,显得很雄辩,而主人则后发制人,说出一套更玄妙的道理。这种主客对话,互相补充,互相生发,妙趣横生。本文也采用这一方式,设主客问答。其中客人所说的代表了作者思想的一面,而主人所说的代表了其思想的另一面。其中主人说服了客人,客人对主人的议论表示心悦诚服地接受,表明其思想上的矛盾达到了统一。 (2)这篇赋作于宋神宗元丰五年(1082)七月。三年前,作者因作诗讽刺新法,被捕入狱,虽免一死,却被贬为黄州团练副使,生活窘迫,没有自由。他在政治失意、思想苦闷的情况下,寄情诗酒,放浪山水,作赋以表现其对人生的达观看法。

(3)这篇赋形象地表现了他的思想矛盾、对人生的思考以及由悲到喜的感情转化过程。作者以庄子的齐物思想(主要是相对主义)来解释人生,表现出随遇而安的旷达的人生态度。全文共五个自然段,以作者感情由乐到悲,再由悲到乐的变化为线索,可分为三个层次:一段为第一个层次,写作者因泛舟江上而产生的自由快乐之感,仿佛“遗世独立”,“羽化登仙”。第二段、第三段为第二个层次,写作者因客人听到洞箫的呜咽之声而引出客人关于人生无常的议论。表现了作者对人生态度悲观的一面。第四段、第五段是对前一种态度的否定,引入庄子齐物的思想,阐述“变”与“不变”的道理,主张应采用一种委运自然、尽量享受大自然的生活态度。

(4)本文设了主客问答,反映了作者内心矛盾的两个方面。客人的观点,表现了作者内心的悲观的一面,而主人的观点反映了作者思想乐观的一面。客人说的是他内心的烦恼,而主人所说的是对这种烦恼的超越。最后客人欣然接受了主人的观点,说明了他内心的矛盾得到了统一,有了完美的答案。

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