阅读下面一段课文,回答下列问题:
相见时难别亦难,东风无力百花残。春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。晓镜但愁云鬓改,夜吟应觉月光寒。蓬山此去无多路,青鸟殷勤为探看。
(1)阅读全诗,分析这首诗的抒情层次。
(2)总结这首诗的主题。
(3)颔联“春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干”使用了哪种修辞手法 其比兴意义是什么
(4)颈联“晓镜但愁云鬓改,夜吟应觉月光寒”,采用了一种什么样的表达方式
(5)指出这首诗所采取的主要的修辞手法。
(6)简析诗中的两个“难”字的含义。
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
(1)首联第一句直接抒情,“相见时难”是客观之难,由于女子的特殊身份,决定了他们见面之不易。而“别亦难”,是主观之难,因见面的机会极为难得,所以分别时难舍难分。而第二句“东风无力百花残”以百花残落表现美好的爱情正遇到了某种障碍。颔联二句承此而来,以“春蚕到死”“蜡炬成灰”比喻不管遇到什么样的挫折,爱情都将至死不渝。尾联回应相见之难,表明两个人不能自由来往,只希望给他们传递信息的人殷勤相助。 (2)这首诗写恋人之间的刻骨相思与离别之苦。
(3)颔联二句采用了双关和比喻的修辞方法。以春蚕吐丝的“丝”谐音相思的“思”,用的双关的手法。而春蚕吐丝,丝尽而死,蜡烛燃烧,烧尽泪止,又是比喻刻骨的相思之情。这种比兴手法,构思奇特而贴切,成为描写坚定的爱情心理的名句。
(4)颈联二句采用了由己推人的表达方式,本来写自己对情人的思念,但却写情人思念自己:想象她早晨起来照镜,一定是因彻夜相思,而面容憔悴、鬓发散乱。月光下,她一定是捧着自己的诗句,反复吟咏。这是作者极度思念所致,生动地描画出情人的特有心理。
(5)成功地运用了双关、比喻手法。
(6)诗中两个“难”字重复出现,含义却不同。第一个“难”是指相聚困难;后一个“难”却是令人断肠的缠绵,饱含着诗人的痛苦和深情。这两个“难”字的重复使用,形成了诗歌的低回迂曲之势。
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