分布式数据库的 CAP理论指的是:对于一个分布式数据库系统,一致性、可用性和分区容错性这三个特点,最多只能满足( )个。
- A.0
- B.1
- C.2
- D.3
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
分布式数据库的 CAP理论指的是:对于一个分布式数据库系统,一致性、可用性和分区容错性这三个特点,最多只能满足2个。
一致性(Consistency)——系统在执行过某项操作后仍然处于一致的状态。在分布式系统中,更新操作执行成功后所有的用户都应该读取到最新的值,这样的系统被认为具有强一致性。也就是说所有节点在同一时间具有相同的数据;
可用性(Availability)——每一个操作总是能够在一定的时间内返回结果,这里需要注意的是“一定时间内”和“返回结果”。也就是说保证每个请求不管成功或者失败都有响应;
分区容忍(Partition tolerance)——分区容忍性可以理解为系统在存在网络分区的情况下仍然可以接受请求(满足一致性和可用性)。这里网络分区是指由于某种原因网络被分成若干个孤立的区域,而区域之间互不相通。还有一些人将分区容忍性理解为系统对节点动态加入和离开的处理能力,因为节点的加入和离开可以认为是集群内部的网络分区。也就是说系统中任意信息的丢失或失败不会影响系统的继续运作。
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