操作系统中,短期调度指的是( )
- A.作业调度
- B.进程调度
- C.线程调度
- D.CPU调度
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
长期调度,又称为作业调度或高级调度,这种调度将已进入系统并处于后备状态的作业按某种算法选择一个或一批,为其建立进程,并进入主机,当该作业执行完毕时,还负责回收系统资源,在批处理系统中,需要有作业调度的过程,以便将它们分批地装入内存,在分时系统和实时系统中,通常不需要长期调度。它的频率比较低,主要用来控制内存中进程的数量。
中期调度,又称为交换调度。它的核心思想是能将进程从内存或从CPU竞争中移出,从而降低多道程序设计的程度,之后进程能被重新调入内存,并从中断处继续执行,这种交换的操作可以调整进程在内存中的存在数量和时机。其主要任务是按照给定的原则和策略,将处于外存交换区中的就绪状态或等待状态的进程调入内存,或把处于内存就绪状态或内存等待状态的进程交换到外存交换区。
短期调度,又称为进程调度、低级调度或微观调度。这也是通常所说的调度,一般情况下使用最多的就是短期调度。它的主要任务是按照某种策略和算法将处理机分配给一个处于就绪状态的进程,分为抢占式和非抢占式。
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