冯·诺依曼计算机中指令和数据存放在存储器中,CPU区分它们的依据是()。
- A.指令操作码的译码结果
- B.指令周期的不同阶段
- C.指令和数据的寻址方式
- D.指令和数据所在的存储单元
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
本题考查计算机系统结构相关的基础知识。1945年6月,冯·诺依曼提出了在数字计算机内部的存储器中存放程序的概念(Stored Program Concept),这是所有现代电子计算机的范式,被称为“冯·诺依曼结构”,按这一结构建造的电脑称为存储程序计算机(Stored.Program.Computer),又称为通用计算机。冯·诺依曼计算机主要由运算器、控制器、存储器和输入输出设备组成,它的主要特点有:(a)指令和数据以同等地位存放于存储内,并可按地址访问;(b)指令和数据均可用二进制表示;(c)指令由操作码和地址吗组成,操作码表示操作的性质,地址码表示操作数在存储器中的位置;(d)指令在存储器中按顺序存放。通常指令是顺序执行的。在特殊情况下,可根据运算结果或指定的条件来改变运算顺序;(e)机器以运算器为中心,输入输出设备和存储器之间的数据传送通过运算器完成。
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